Which tense is typically preferred in academic writing?

In academic writing, the present tense is typically preferred because it conveys a sense of immediacy and relevance. When researchers and writers discuss established facts, generalizations, or findings from studies, using the present tense allows them to present information as still valid and applicable. For example, stating "This study demonstrates" emphasizes the ongoing significance of the research rather than positioning it as something that only occurred or was valid in the past.

Using the present tense can also help clarify the relationship between ideas and findings, making it easier for readers to understand concepts and frameworks in a direct and accessible way. Additionally, when authors convey opinions or interpretations, the present tense makes their arguments feel more current and engaging.

The other tenses, while they have specific uses in academic writing, do not carry the same immediacy for general statements or conclusions, which is why the present tense is favored.